PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.